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Cervical Screening

Cervical screening, previously known as a smear test, is a crucial health check for your cervix. Regular screening is one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from cervical cancer. This screening is recommended for anyone with a cervix, including trans men and non-binary individuals.

How does cervical screening work?

During a cervical screening, a small sample of cells is taken from your cervix, located at the entrance of the womb. These cells are tested for certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

HPV is a common group of viruses that live on the skin, most of which do not affect health. Some types cause genital warts, while high-risk types can lead to abnormal tissue changes and potentially cancer if untreated. HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, including all kinds sexual activity. Condoms provide the best protection against HPV.

  • No HPV Found: Your risk of cervical cancer is very low, and no further tests are needed until your next scheduled screening in 3 to 5 years.
  • HPV Found: The sample is further tested for abnormal cells, and you will receive a HPV positive result:
    • HPV with No Abnormal Cells: You will be invited for more regular screenings (in 1 and 2 years) to monitor the HPV.
    • HPV with Abnormal Cells: You will need to undergo a colposcopy, a detailed examination of the cervix.

When should I have a screening?

All women and individuals with a cervix should have regular cervical screenings between ages 25 and 64, as cervical cancer is rare outside this age range. Even if you received the HPV vaccine, regular screenings are still necessary. 

Screenings are free and usually provided by your GP in England. You will receive a letter inviting you to schedule your screening. If you haven’t received your letter and are due for an appointment, contact your GP.

Missed appointments can be rescheduled at any time.

What should I expect during my appointment?

A cervical screening appointment takes about 15 minutes. Do not schedule the screening during your period, as blood can interfere with test results. 

During the appointment, the clinician will explain the procedure and answer any questions. You will undress from the waist down and cover yourself with a paper sheet. The clinician will use a speculum, a smooth plastic instrument, to open your vagina and view your cervix, then use a small brush to collect cell samples. The process might feel uncomfortable but should not hurt. 

You might experience light bleeding or spotting afterward. The clinician will inform you when to expect your results.

Further information on screenings